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LEARN HOW TO DRAW facial CHARACTERISTICS & features IN YOUR CARICATURES OF DIFFERENT CULTURES AND ETHNICITIES
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(Warning : this is from a book from the early 1900S AND THIS PAGE IS A BIT RACIST)
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[The above words are pictures of text, below is the actual text if you need to copy a paragraph or two]
'ATTENTION TO CHARACTERISTICS.
Suppose your subject is a man with decided features. You first observe in his face the characteristic lines. If his nose is inclined to be chubby, then increase its chubbiness a trifle. If. it inclines toward the long, lean hook nose, then add a bit to the hook and length. Not enough, however, to lose the resemblance to the original. A high or low forehead you must increase or diminish as the case may call for. Thus you go through the entire body, legs and feet, giving to each member its characteristic peculiarity. If your subject possesses a wart on the tip of the nose or elsewhere in sight, then it also belongs there in the picture ; but don't make those unnatural growths too disgustingly conspicuous. When possible avoid such offensive adjuncts as warts, corns, bunions, club feet, mutilated hands or anything that is liable to retard the fun in your pictures.
Take for example the Hebrew and the Irish face as the two extremes for characteristic curves. You already know that to produce an Irish face you must give it a pug nose, and the Hebrew face the hook nose, though these essentials in drawing do not always exist in nature. I have seen Irishmen with decided Jewish noses, and Jews with noses a little inclined the other way. However, to carry out the purpose of your picture you must stick to these characteristics.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL COMPOSITES.
It Is part of the caricaturist's business to see things as they are not. For instance, in transforming a human face into that of an animal, the artist observes the expressive lines of the human face and those of the animal. He then proceeds to amalgamate the two, being careful to retain the original likeness.